Responses of ramie (Boehmeria nivea L.) to increasing rare earth element (REE) concentrations in a hydroponic system

A number of studies have focused on the effects rare earth elements (REEs) crop plants, while little attention has been paid how tolerant plant species respond to increasing mixed REE concentrations. In this study, ramie (Boehmeria nivea L.) was exposed a series concentrations prepared with equimolar mixtures 16 REEs (i.e. 0, 1.6, 8, 16, 80, 160, 400, 800 μmol/L) in order explore accumulation and fractionation characteristics responses REEs. Results show that root shoot biomasses are unaffected under lower (1.6–80 μmol/L), growth uptake nutrients especially Ca Mn largely inhibited higher (160–800 μmol/L). The P Mo roots increase solution, suggestive an involvement dealing high plant. preferential Ce heavy (HREEs) transport HREEs within lead positive anomaly HREE enrichment leaves. Our study suggests could be good candidate for phytoremediation heavily REE-contaminated soils (e.g., mine tailings southern China). results also shed light points taking into account management strategies fertilization).